Post-WWI $\times$ German Outflow$_{1910-20}$&      -0.058\sym{*}  &      -0.054\sym{*}  &      -0.059\sym{*}  &      -0.082\sym{**} \\
            &     (0.031)         &     (0.031)         &     (0.032)         &     (0.034)         \\
\\[-1.5em] \hline Observations&      10,353         &      10,353         &      10,353         &      10,353         \\
Counties    &       2,227         &       2,227         &       2,227         &       2,227         \\
Effect at mean outflow&      -0.021         &      -0.019         &      -0.021         &      -0.029         \\
K-P F-statistic&      33.977         &      34.113         &      31.437         &      30.968         \\
\\[-1.5em] \hline Pre-war \% Germans and draft rate&         Yes         &         Yes         &         Yes         &         Yes         \\
Pre-war population and sex ratio&                     &         Yes         &         Yes         &         Yes         \\
Pre-war manufacturing and urbanization&                     &                     &         Yes         &         Yes         \\
Time-varying population&                     &                     &                     &         Yes         \\
